A 180° degree line is an imaginary line that cuts through the middle of a scene. It is important to never cross the line because that changes perspective for the viewer, and that is distracting, confusing and disorientating. Crossing the line refers to shooting from the opposite side of your imaginary line, which makes everything appear backwards.
It is called the '180° degree' line of action because you have a movement ability of 180°, from straight on to the line to either edge.
In this example, camera 4 is beyond the 180° line. This changes the perspective, and makes it appear backwards.
Shot-reverse-shot
A shot-reverse-shot is a method of filming, most often used when shooting dialouge between two people. If we label the 1 and 2, character 1 will be speaking to 2, and the camera will be placed over 2's shoulder. This makes the viewer feel asthough the speaking is seaking to them. Then, it will cut and show character 2, over character 1's shoulder. By keeping the 180 rule, it looks like a normal conversation between the two characters.
This clip starts with a master shot that shows the two characters and their positioning. Abiding the 180 line rule, it cuts to shot-reverse-shot between the two characters as they talk.
Match on action
Match on action is a cutting technique where the camera cuts and changes perspective yet the action continues to flow, and does not appear disjointed.
This is a great example, and the flow of the action is well connected. It is visible at 0:22-0:24 seconds.
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